During their study, Bonnie and colleagues from Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine assigned 204 adults one of four different lifestyle treatments and compared the effect of those changes. 

The treatments included increasing fruit and vegetable intake and exercise, decreasing fat and sedentary leisure, decreasing fat and increasing exercise and increasing fruit and vegetable intake and decreasing sedentary behavior. 

Before the trial, all of the participants were following four unhealthy diet and activity behaviors including not eating enough fruit and veggies, eating too much saturated fat, not getting enough moderate physical activity and watching too much TV. 


For all participants, changing two of their unhealthy habits led to success beyond just the ones they were directly focused on. 

But, those who were engaged in eating more fruits and vegetables (an apple a day), and spending less time doing sedentary activities like watching TV were particularly more successful, according to the report published in Archives of Internal Medicine. 

“Just making two lifestyle changes has a big overall effect and people don’t get overwhelmed,” said Spring. “Americans have all these unhealthy behaviors that put them at high risk for heart disease and cancer, but it is hard for them and their doctors to know where to begin to change those unhealthy habits.” 


Researchers believe that eating more fruits and vegetables which is a goal within many peoples’ reach gives them enough confidence to make more healthy changes in their diets. 

“We think health behaviors are interrelated - they tend to complement or substitute for one another. So cutting down TV removed the cue that usually triggered people to do the paired behavior of snacking on junk while lounging on the couch,” the senior author concluded.